常用翻译技巧(二)词义的选择.pptVIP

第二讲 词义的选择 二、辨析词义和正确选词 （一）注意词的广义和狭义 英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之分，运用范围各不相同。例如： 农业是国民经济的基础。 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 原文“农业”一词是广义，指一切农业经济（农业、林业、牧业、渔业），故译作agriculture. 但是在“农林牧副渔互相结合的方针”中，农与林牧副渔并立，是指耕作的农业，不是指整个农业经济，故译作farming。这个词组应译为：The principle of combining farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery. 练习参考答案 Our cat caught a very big rat last night. The children ran into the street, but a policeman hurried up to seize him by the arm and pulled him back to safety. About five o’clock the next morning there were a few drops of rain in the wind. Weak groans came from the little room. The frightened child gripped his mother’s hand. His son takes a great interest in mathematics. He was apprehended on a charge of forgery. He dedicated his whole life to serving the people. The squad leader ordered the men to fix bayonets. * * 正确选词是保证译文质量的重要前提。词的选择应从以下几个方面入手。 根据上下文正确理解原文的词义 词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲，英译汉情况如此，汉译英也是如此。例如： （一）“情况”：这个词的基本意义与英语中的circumstances, situation, condition等词相近，但是究竟怎样翻译，还须根据上下文来决定 （1）在这种情况下 Under these/such circumstances Such being the case In accordance with this specific condition (2)这种情况必须改变 This state of affairs must change. (3)现在情况不同了。 Now things are different. (4)他们的情况怎么样？ How do matters stand with them? （5）前线有什么情况？ How is the situation at the front? （6）前面有情况，做好战斗准备。 There’s enemy activity ahead. Prepare for combat. 这里的情况指敌情，故译为enemy activity. (7)可是在其他地方，情况就完全两样了。 But the picture outside this place is quite another story. (8) 我们可能去那儿，那得看情况而定。 We may go there, but that depends.(或…It all depends.) (二)“事”：汉语中“事”的基本意义与英语中matter, affair, thing, business等词相近，但是在不同的上下文中，此词会有各种不同的含义。 （1）遇事和大家商量。 Consult the masses when problems arise. 这里“遇事”的“事”，实际上是“有待解决的问题”，因此译为Problems。 （2）农民所做的事很多…..农民在农民协会领导之下总共做了十四件大事，如下所记。 The peasants have done a great many things…the peasants under the leadership of the peasant associations have the following fourteen great achievements to their credit. 本句中第一个“事”用的是它的一