Lesson 15 soil mechanical(土木工程专业英语)课件.ppt

The number of samples taken depends on previously available data, variation in soil types, and the size of the project. Generally, in the natural profile at a location, there is more variation in soil characteristics with depth than horizontal distance. It is not good practice to collect composite samples for any given horizon (layer),since this does not truly represent any one location and could prove misleading. Even slight variation in soil characteristics in a horizon should be duly noted. Classification of the soil in terms of grain size and the liquid and plastic limits are particularly profile[ ‘pr?ufail ]?剖面，侧面 plastic limit限 important steps. * An understanding of the eventual use of the data obtained during site investigation is important. Advance information on the site conditions is helpful in planning any survey program. Information on topography, geological features (outcrops, road and stream cuts, lake beds, weathered remnants, etc.), paleontological maps, aerial photographs, well logs, and excavations can prove invaluable. Geophysical exploration methods yield useful corroboratory data. Measurement of the electrical resistivity of soils provides an insight into several soil topography[ t?‘p?gr?fi ]?地形学,地势geological[ d?i?’l?d?ik?l ]?地质学的，地质的 outcrops[ ‘autkr?p ]露头 paleontological古生物学的； geophysical地球物理学的； electrical resistivity ：电阻 characteristics. * Seismic techniques often are used to determine the characteristics of various subsurface strata by measuring the velocity of propagation of explosively generated shock waves through the strata. The propagation velocity varies widely for different types of soils. Shock waves also are utilized to determine the depth of bedrock by measuring the time required for the shock wave to travel to he bedrock and return Seismic[ ‘saizmik ]?地震的 strata[ ’streit? ]pl层(地层,阶层,薄片) stratum:[ streit?m ]? velocity[ vil?siti ]?速度 propagation[ .pr?p?‘gei??n ]传播 地震学技术通过测定激震波穿过地层的传播速度来确定不 同地层的性质。不同类型的传播速度差距是非常大