[工程科技]二 论文最后整理.doc

常压蒸馏塔设计 摘 要 本次设计主要是设计原油处理量能力为325万吨/年的常压塔。 常压塔的设计主要是依据所给的原油实沸点蒸馏数据及产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品各物性，确定切割方案，计算产品收率。参考同类装置确定塔板数、进料及侧线抽出位置，再假设各主要部位确定操作温度及操作压力，进行全塔热平衡计算。采用塔顶二级冷凝冷却和两个中段回流，塔顶取热:第一中段回流取热:第二中段取热为2：4: 4，最后校核各主要部位温度都在允许误差范围内。计算塔高为24.238m，塔径为4.8m。 设计的基本方案是：常压塔采取三侧线，常压塔塔顶生产汽油，三个侧线分别生产煤油，轻柴油，重柴油。 本次设计结果表明，参数的校核结果与假设值之间误差在允许范围内，其余均在经验值范围内，本次设计就此完成。 关键词：常压蒸馏塔;塔板; Abstract This design mainly regards to which DaQing commingled crude oil are distilled by a process capacity of 3.25×104t/a in normal pressures. As a part of crude oil processing technic ,the normal pressuresdistilion of crude oil is very important in the whole processing schemes of crude oil and refineries and its operation status directly affects the continuing machine process.There are a kind of important separate equipment---- normal pressures columns ,which is the key to attain high efficient , high quality oil. In recent years,firstly the distillion technique of normal pressures and manage experience were innovated constantly ;secondly equipments’ effect of saving energy is remarkable ;thirdly product quality was improved.But compare to international advanced techniques,there are a long distance. In order to improve the product ability of crude oil ,designing the normal pressures distillion of DaQing commingled crude oil.Design’s basic scheme : Prefractionator extracts naphtha. atmospheric column has three lateral line .Its tower top extracts gasoline and three lateral line respectively extrct kerosene, light diesel fuel, heavy diesel fuel.Design a distillion device with a prefractionator，a atmospheric column with a piece of gasification.This device is consist of a tubular-furnace,a prefractionator,a atmospheric column ,several heat exchangers, cooling 目录 1.1文献综述 4 1.2常压塔的在线优化 4 1.3国内典型常减压装置的介绍 5 1.3.1 广西石化炼油工程常减压装置 5 1.3.2大连石化1000万吨/年常减压蒸馏装置 5 1.4常压塔的防腐与维护 6 1.4.1常压塔的腐蚀问题 6 1.4.2常压塔腐蚀的原因 6 1.4.3常压塔腐蚀的处理方法 6 1.5清洁能源生产 7 1.6 常减压工艺技术的发展 8 1.7 石油的用途 9 2.常压塔的工艺计算 10 2.1 设计任务 10 2.2 基础数据 10 2.3 油品性质参数