[物理]物理学史绪论.ppt

南通大学物理教育教研究室 绪 论 1、?? 物理学史的研究对象和方法 第一节?? 物理学史的研究对象和方法 第三节?? 物理学史与物理教学 美国国家科学教育标准(NSES) HISTORY OF SCIENCE （5-8） Science as a human endeavor Nature of science History of science History of science Many individuals have contributed to the traditions of science. Studying some of these individuals provides further understanding of scientific inquiry, science as a human endeavor, the nature of science, and the relationships between science and society. 许多个人对科学传统作出了贡献。学习其中的某些典范人物可以进一步理解科学探究，理解作为人类奋斗目标的科学，理解科学的本质及科学与社会之间的关系。 History of science In historical perspective, science has been practiced by different individuals in different cultures. In looking at the history of many peoples, one finds that scientists and engineers of high achievement are considered to be among the most valued contributors to their culture. 从历史的观点看来，科学是不同文化背景的不同个人的实践活动。纵观诸多民族的历史就可以发现，那些成就斐然的科学家和工程师都被看成是对本民族的文化作出最杰出贡献的人。 History of science Tracing the history of science can show how difficult it was for scientific innovators to break through the accepted ideas of their time to reach the conclusions that we currently take for granted. 跟随科学史的足迹可以发现，科学创新人物要打破当时被普遍接受的观念得出我们今天认为理所当然的结论是多么的困难。 History and Nature of Science(9-12) HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES In history, diverse cultures have contributed scientific knowledge and technologic inventions. Modern science began to evolve rapidly in Europe several hundred years ago. During the past two centuries, it has contributed significantly to the industrialization of Western and non-Western cultures. However, other, non-European cultures have developed scientific ideas and solved human problems through technology. 在历史上，形形色色的文化都对科学知识和技术发明作出了贡献。数百年前，现代科学开始在欧洲迅速发展。在过去的二百年间，科学对西方和非西方的工业化作出了巨大的贡献。然而，其他非欧洲文化也发展了科学概念，也通过技术解决了人类的许多问题。 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Usually, changes in science occur as small modifications in extant knowledge. The daily work of science and engineering results in incremental advances in our understanding of the world and our