专业英语(光电子)_02-PropagationofSignalsinOpticalFiber.ppt

Optical Communication Technology And Optical Networking Yanhe Li Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University 2004. 9 Chapter 2 Contents Propagation of Signals in Optical Fiber 2.1 Light Propagation in Optical Fiber 2.2 Loss and Bandwidth 2.3 Chromatic Dispersion 2. Propagation of Signals in Optical Fiber Optical fiber is a remarkable communication medium, compared to other media such as copper or free space. An optical fiber provides low-loss transmission over an enormous frequency range of about 25 THz, which is orders of magnitude more than the bandwidth available in copper cables or any other Transmission medium. This property allows signals to be transmitted over long distances at high speeds before they need to be amplified or regenerated. It is due to this property that optical fiber communication systems are so widely used today. 2. Propagation of Signals in Optical Fiber As transmission systems evolved to longer distances and higher bit rates, the phenomenon of dispersion became an important limiting factor. Dispersion refers to the phenomenon where different components of the signal travel at different velocities in the fiber. In particular, chromatic dispersion refers to the phenomenon where different frequency components of the signal travel with different velocities in the fiber. As today’s systems evolve to multiple Wavelengths and even higher bit rates and distances, nonlinear effects in the fiber are beginning to present serious limitations. As we will see, there is a complex interplay of nonlinear effects with chromatic dispersion as well. Cross section and longitudinal section of an optical fiber showing the core and cladding regions. 2.1 Light Propagation in Optical Fiber An optical fiber consists of a cylindrical core surrounded by a cladding. Both the core and the cladding are ma