化工原理chapter13.1.pptVIP

Chapter 13 Extraction Today’s content Introduction Liquid-liquid phase equilibrium Introduction Application examples Basic process Multi-stage cross-flow process Multi-stage counter current process Continuous contact Suitable applications Liquid-liquid phase equilibrium Triangle phase diagrams Mass balance and the lever rule Mass balance and the lever rule Triangle phase diagram Finding solubility curve through experiment Miscible point Critical miscible point P Auxiliary curve Auxiliary curve Phase equilibrium in Cartesian coordinate * Basic principle Separating a soluble component from a liquid mixture by its solubility difference. Solute the component separated，A. Diluent other components in raw mixture, B. Solvent another liquid added in extraction process, S. The solute should be highly soluble in the solvent. The diluent and the solvent should be as immiscible as possible. Classification physical or chemical based on the reaction characters . Inorganic or organic based on extracted materials . Petroleum industry e. g., using diethylene glycol (二甘醇）to extract benzene and toluene from reforming oils. (Udex process) Waste water treatment e. g., separate phenol from industrial waste water by dialkyl acetamide（二烷基乙酰胺）. Metallurgic industry so called Wet metallurgical process. Pharmaceutical industry separating penicillin, streptomycin and vitamins, etc., from organic liquids. stage single stage multi-stage cross multi-stage counter contacting type single stage continuous There is only one equilibrium in single-stage extraction, the separation efficiency is low. It is used only as model. Extract Raffinate A+B Feed S separating tank mixing tank Solvent The feed passes each stages in series The fresh solvent is added in every stage The extract and the raffinate from the last stage are sent to a separating equipment to recover the solvent. After the recovery, we have extract, E’ and raffinate, R’. Characters high extraction r