二物理下学期机械能Englishvertion牛津英语.ppt

ENERGY (KE PE) Teacher: swallow Gao Review: Work = Force × Displacement or W = F×S Maker : gao yan ㈠.KE 1. definition : this is energy which something has because it is moving. 2. formula : KE = mv2 〔deriving〕 a block of mass m is accelerated from velocity v1 to v2 by a resultant force F, while gaining this velocity ,its displacement is s and acceleration is a . (see fig below) 1 — 2 v1 v2 a s (Fig.1) w = FS=mas Maker : gao yan while v12–v22 =2as so w = 　 KE = mv22－ mv12　　 (1) 1 — 2 1 — 2 　 mv2 1 — 2 unit : joule (J) 4. note : w=FS= work done by the resultant force, not a component 5. Exmple : a horizontal force of 50N is applied to a cart . The friction between the cart and the floor is 20N, if the cart has travelled 3m ,(see the diagram below) ,calculate: (a). The work done by the applied force F (b). The work done by the frictional force f (c). The gain in KE of the cart 　 mv22－ mv12　　 1 — 2 1 — 2 Consider the body diagram Take the right as positive Given: F=50N f=－20N s=3m Find: WF , Wf , △KE Apply w = F×S WF =50N ×3m =150J Wf = －20N ×3m = － 60J negative work means that energy is lost in overcoming friction . (c) Apply w= 　 mv22－ mv12　　 1 — 2 1 — 2 F f cart △KE= WF+ Wf =150J+(-60J)=90J ㈡. PE 1. definition : this is energy which something has because of its position ,shape or state 2. formula : PE= mgh 3. unit : joule (J) 4. note : △PE=mg△h=mgh1- mgh2 (△PE is independent of the path ,just depends on the h1 -h2 ㈢. ㈣. 1. A 5kg object is initially traveling alone a frictionless surface at a velocity of 2m.s-1, it is pushed