伞文化的介绍.pptVIP

 Derivation Umbrella is another synonym for the term parasol, which was first used as a protection against the scorching heat of the sun, para meaning stop or shield and sol meaning sun. The word umbrella has evolved from the Latin umbella (and umbel is a flat-topped rounded flower) or umbra, meaning shaded. The history of umbrella The basic umbrella was invented over four thousand years ago. We have seen evidence of umbrellas in the ancient art and artifacts of Egypt, Assyria, 亚述(西南亚洲底格里斯河流域的古国) Greece, and China. ?These ancient umbrellas or parasols(太阳伞), were first designed to provide shade from the sun. The Chinese were the first to waterproof their umbrellas for use as rain protection. They waxed and lacquered(漆） their paper parasols in order to use them for rain. ?Starting in the 16th century umbrella became popular to the western world, especially in the rainy weather of northern Europe. At first it was considered only an accessory suitable for women. Then the Persian traveler and writer, Jonas Hanway (1712-86), carried and used an umbrella publicly in England for thirty years, and he popularized umbrella use among men. ?The first all umbrella shop was called James Smith and Sons. The shop opened in 1830, and is still located at 53 New Oxford St., in London, England. ?The early European umbrellas were made of wood or whalebone and covered with alpaca or oiled canvas. The artisans made the curved handles for the umbrellas out of hard woods like ebony, and were well paid for their efforts. ?In 1852, Samuel Fox invented the steel ribbed umbrella design. Fox also founded the English Steels Company, and claimed to have invented the steel ribbed umbrella as a way of using up stocks of farthingale stays, steel stays used in womens corsets. African-American, inventor, William C. Carter patented an umbrella stand (U.S. patent#323,397 - see image left) on August the 8th, 1885. ?After that, compact collapsible umbrellas were the next major technical innovation in