论清教思想影响对美国的影响.pptVIP

Americana;; 清教主义是16世纪晚期在英国教会内部进行的一次宗教改革。在教权和皇权的双重压力下，清教的一个分支于17世纪三、四十年代迁址美洲新大陆的北方殖民地，他们为新英格兰奠定了宗教知识和社会秩序的基础。清教主义不仅符合新英格兰成立的特定历史，而且也一直反映着美国生活的一种方式。; Violations of moral rules should be punished such as drunkenness,adultery( scarlet letter),violation of Sabbath,belief in other religious,singing of temporal songs,wearing of jewelry,long hair and modern clothes,dancing,and watching play etc;The King should be the head of state and meanwhile the temporal church leader. It rejects the pope as the church leader of a state. The powers of the Kings derive from God;God is all-knowing, yet hidden and unknown to man Catholics believe that God can be reached through his representative on the earth ---the Papa.;People are predestined before their birth.God knows precisely who the elect are and since only the elect will be scared,Christ does not atone for sins in genetal,only for those of the elect. No good works could sare angore (only through faith in Christ). Catholics argue that a person could confess his or her sin,do good works and give money to the Church and buy back his or her soul.;Although God is incomprehensive ,there is some evidence to show who are Gods chosen people. The success of ones work or prosperity in his calling is the sign of being Gods elect. Everyone must work hard,spend little and invest for more business. It means how much money he was accumulated. ;　 美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教文化。 　 清教徒构成了当时北美移民的主体，在新英格兰北部更是清一色的清教徒。“清教主义成为当时人们共同的价值观，他们提倡的思想主要有：虔敬，谦卑，严肃，诚实，勤勉和节俭”。在这些价值观下，清教徒不畏陌生艰险的环境，克服种种困难，很快便在蛮荒的土地上收获了繁荣和富足。因此，他们更加坚信自己的清教主义，雄心勃勃地要扩张疆域，而美国历史也的确是一部不断向西的拓展史，清教主义的价值观念也随之拨洒到更广阔的土地上。“在两百多年的沧桑变化中，美国文化像一座大熔炉吸收了世界诸??文明的精华，成为具有鲜明特色的多元化的，开放性的文化体系。它包含了世界上几乎一切种族，民族，宗教，价值思想和学术，但又始终以WASP(White Anglo-Saxon Protestant)文化为主流，其核心是崇尚勤奋劳动的清教道德传统”。历史学家巴斯等说：“没有对美国清教思想的了解，就不可能理解美国社会。”清教主义奠定了美国社会的基础，塑造了美国人的性格，从各个方面影响着美国社会。;American Dream;清教主义对美国文学的影响;Enlightenment Period ;American Romanticism;Theodore Dreiser(1871-1945): Sister Carrie. 18 year-old