高二英语人教版 专题15 阅读理解技能训练---破解推测词汇含义题含解析.docVIP

专题15阅读理解技能训练---破解推测词汇含义题 【理论回顾】 解题思路与应试技巧：做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 　　下面结合近几年高考试题，对词义猜测的技巧加以解读。 　　1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 　　有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如(1) 　It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。 (2)The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。 　　2、根据同位关系进行猜测 　　阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如1. 　We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.— this week. 　　两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。 　2. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that________. 　　A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs. 　　B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs 　　C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets 　　D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success 　　【点拨】B。请看原文：Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them—a form of favourtism will replace equality. 　　破折号后的句子是对前面进行解释说明的，二者是同位关系，因此要猜测favourtism的意思可从前面句子的意思入手。答案为B。 　　3、根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测 　　在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如1.“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.” 　　文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。 　2.The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something ______. 　　A. that people enjoy eating B. that is always present 　　C. that is difficult to get D. that people use as a gift 　　【解析】B。请看文章原句：The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.从文章意思可知，这种新型菠萝很畅销，当然成为了健康饮食人