College_English_Grammar_10_Phrases_Gerund_Phrases_and_Absolute_Phrases二教材教学课件.pptVIP

College English Grammar: Grammar and Writing Unit 10 Phrases: Gerund Phrases and Absolute Phrases Grammar: 1. Gerund Phrases  2. Absolute Phrases Writing: Correcting: Missing Commas with Nonessential Elements Rewriting: Intra-sentence coherence I. Gerund Phrases Both a gerund and a present participle end in –ing but they function as different parts of speech. A gerund is used as a noun, whereas a present participle is used as an adjective or an adverb. I.1. Form and function A gerund phrase includes the gerund and the object of the gerund or any modifiers related to the gerund. Like a gerund, it is used as a noun—as subject, predictive, object, object of a preposition, or appositive.  1) as a noun to be subject You must know your enemy. That is the best defense. ? Knowing your enemy is the best defense. 2) as a noun to be predictive He finishes his supper. He takes a short walk. That is his habit. In this habit, he keeps healthy. ? His habit to keep healthy is taking a short walk after supper. 3) as a noun to be appositive His dream is finding lost treasure. His dream almost came true recently. ? His dream, finding lost treasure, almost came true recently. 4) as a noun to be object I travel in the country. I love that. I lose my way. I don’t like that. ? I love traveling in the country, but I dont like losing my way. 5) as a noun to be object of a preposition They wanted to travel to foreign country. They have made preparation for it. ? They have made preparation for traveling to a foreign country. I.2. Position and punctuation Gerund phrases can either hold the subject position or the direct object position. A gerund nearly never requires any punctuation with it except its function as appositive. When a gerund phrase is used as an appositive, we use a comma to set it off from the word it modifies. Beggars sell themselves as human beings. Such behavior arouses the pity of passers-by. ? Beggars’