有灵动词与无灵动.pptVIP

有灵动词与无灵动词 Tasks I. Definition II. Translation techniques III. Practice IV. Homework A wounded man makes a phone call outside Moscow’s Park metro station on Monday after an explosion went off in a carriage of a train on the platform. Two female suicide bombers blew themselves up on packed trains in central Moscow’s morning rush hour, killing at least 38 people in the deadliest attacks in the Russian capital for six years. 幸福感指数 happiness index The happiness index of people in Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian provinces and Chongqing municipality was found to be high, with half of families saying they were satisfied with family life, while people living in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen were not so lucky. 调查发现，江苏、四川和福建省和重庆直辖市居民的幸福感指数较高，有一半的家庭表示他们对家庭生活感到满意，而住在北京、上海、深圳等大城市的人却不这么认为。 按照动作的执行者是有生命的还是无生命的这一标准，英语和汉语的动词均可分为有灵动词和无灵动词。前者用在表示有生命的名词后，后者用在表示无生命的名词后。含有灵动词的句子称作有生命主语句，含无灵动词的句子称作无生命主语句。英语和汉语在有灵动词和无灵动词上的差别是：有灵动词与无灵动词在英语中无有明确的区别，即一个动词常常是既可用作有灵动词、又可用作无灵动词；而在汉语中这两类动词之间却有明确的区别，即一个用作有灵动词的动词不能同时用作无灵动词。 1） One reliable source said that major tax changes were being considered by the Treasury 2） John said that he would come this evening. 上述两例中的said 分别与表示无生命的事物的 one reliable source 和表示有生命的John搭配。前句是无生命主语句，后者是有生命主语句。翻译时一是要弄清英语无生命主语句特点，二是对原句的结构和搭配必须作出相应的调整。 一、英语无生命主语句特点 从充当句子主语的词语来看，英语无生命主语句大致有下列几种类型： A. 以时间、地点等名词做主语的句子： 1949 saw the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. 1949年中华人民共和国成立了。 The minutes slipped by quickly. 时间一分钟一分钟地溜过去了。 Rome witnessed many great historic events. 在罗马城发生过许多伟大历史性事件。  一、英语无生命主语句特点 B. 表示生理、心理状态的名词和表示某种遭遇的名词做主语： His illness prevented him from attending the conference. 他因病未能参加会议。 Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. 这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却饱受辛酸 Astonishment, apprehension, and even horror oppressed her. 她感到心情抑郁，甚至惊恐不安。  C. 具有行为和动作意义的名词作主语： The very sight of it makes me feel nervous. 一见到它， 我就感到紧张。 The shortest cut would take us five hours to get there. 抄近路也要5 小时才能到那里。 The fresh sunlit Januar