图形学与游戏技术_教材教学课件.pptVIP

图形学与游戏技术简介;真实感图形学：侧重视觉效果;cn3d;离线渲染（Offline Rendering） 实时渲染（Real-time Rendering ）;RayTracing(start, direction, weight, color){?? if ( weight MinWeight )????? color = black;?? else?? {????? 计算光线与所有物体的交点中离start最近的点；????? if ( 没有交点 )?????? color = black;????? else???? { ???? Ilocal = 在交点处用局部光照模型计算出的光强； ????????? 计算反射方向 R； ????????? RayTracing(最近的交点, R, weight*Wr, Ir); ????????? 计算折射方向 T； ????????? RayTracing(最近的交点, T, weight*Wt, It); ????????? color = Ilocal + KsIr+ KtIt; ????? }?? }};渲染结果; load scene divide each surface into roughly equal sized patches initialise_patches: for each Patch in the scene if this patch is a light then patch.emmision = some amount of light else patch.emmision = black end if patch.excident = patch.emmision end Patch loop Passes_Loop: each patch collects light from the scene for each Patch in the scene render the scene from the point of view of this patch patch.incident = sum of incident light in rendering end Patch loop calculate excident light from each patch: for each Patch in the scene I = patch.incident R = patch.reflectance E = patch.emmision patch.excident = (I*R) + E end Patch loop Have we done enough passes? if not then goto Passes_Loop;View from a lower patch ;简化的光栅化过程;顶点坐标变换过程：;游戏技术;静态阴影：render to texture;Render to texture;Doom 3 (毁灭战士3);shadow map：;Shadow map;Shadow map 锯齿与软阴影;Shadow volume;模板缓存（stencil buffer）;z-pass;无论视点在不在阴影体内，都得到正确结果;/wiki/Shadow_volume;视点在阴影体外;四叉树（qaudtree）;高度图;实现视锥剔除：;实现LOD：;补缝;注意： 不能为了优化而使用曼哈顿距离计算d，那样可能导致相邻块间的LOD等级1，无法使用三角形补缝。;voxel based terrain ;场景管理;八叉树结构;分裂4次达到的粒度;细菌与纽结的碰撞使用了八叉树， 红色部分为扭结与细菌的潜在碰撞三角面集。;bsp,portal,pvs：;骨骼???皮动画;bone1;粒子特效;体素（Voxel）;体素（Voxel）;体素光线投射（voxel ray casting ）;风格化体素游戏;PolyVox ;/;过程生成（Procedural generation ）;植物生成：; ;;;写底层还是用引擎