海洋科学导论第10讲-刘建波-Marine-Sedimentology14.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Carbonate shelves common along ocean margins. Confined to tropical and subtropical settings. Carbonates shelves and carbonate reefs form in shallow waters that are warm and clear (river input negligeable) by organisms that secrete CaCO3. These reefs gradually grow in size to become large shelves. Where carbonate rocks are found , limestone (cemented calcim carbonate rock wth sand and mud) they show that reef building organisms were found in this area in geological past,indicating climate ws different. Limestone found in Alps, Himalayas, and other mts that were formed by uplifing of sedimentary deposits. * * * * * * * * The last time scale we will consider is the hundred million yr scale. During this period, plate tectonics are the dominant shaping factor. Glacial cycles are still occuring over this scale, but the effects due to convergen plate boundaries and destruction of seafloor are deepsea trenches is far more improtant. This time frame brings us back to the time when the landmass was Pangea, the single large continent. * Atlantic margin. Go through the history of the Atlantic ocean to attempt to describe the sediments on the cont. shelf. Atlantic basin opens up, ocean crust formed and NAmerican plate slides to the west. 200 mybp: Terrigineous sediments build up by the slow weathering of mts on land and is dumped onto depressions. 150 mybp: Atlantic basin opens up, Terrigineous seds build up and their wt and gradual cooling and contraction of crust causes subsidence, or sinking of crust. Sediment build up keeps pace with sinking of crust. Shallow coastal sea. Living coral reef starts. Present day NewEngland shelf. Thick broad sedimentary prism developed that buries reef that has died. * Pacific rim on other hand, is effected strongly by the subduction process. 3 zones: (1) volcanic arc, (2) arc-trench gap filled with sediment from volcanic activity, and the acrretionary prism, and (3) the deepsea trenc