生物化学习题之4(英文版).docVIP

Chapter 2. Carbohydrate Part I Definitions Polysaccharide Furanose Pyranose Chiral carbon Conformation Configuration Epimer Anomeric carbon atom Glycosidic bond Part II 1. How does glycogen differ from starch in structure and function? 2. Draw Howorth projection formulas for dimmers of glucose with the following types of glycosidic linkages: (1). A β(1→4) linkage (both molecules of glucose in theβform) (2). An α,α(1→1) linkage (3). A (1→6) linkage (both molecules of glucose in theβform) 3. Glycogen is highly branched. What advantage, if any, does this provide an animal? 4. No animal is able to digest cellulose. Try to explain this statement with the fact that many animals are herbivores that depend heavily on cellulose as a food source. Chapter 3. Lipid Part I Definitions 1 Essential fatty acids 2 Unsatured fatty acids 3 Phospholipid 4 Fluid mosaic model 5 Passive transport 6 Active transport Part II 1. What structural features do a triacylglycerol and a phosphatidyl ethanolamine have in common? How do the structures of these two types of lipids differ? 2. A membrane consists of 50% protein by weight and 50% phosphoglycerides by weight. The average molecular weight of the lipids is 800 daltons, and the average molecular weight of the proteins is 50,000 daltons. Calculate the molar ratio of lipid to protein. 3. Write the structure formula for a triacylglycerol, and name the component parts. 4. Write an equation, with structural formulas, for the saponification of the triacylglycerol as above. 5. Which of the following lipids are not found in animal membrane? (1) Phosphoglycerides (2) Glycolipid (3) Cholesterol (4) Sphingolipid (5) Triacylglycerols 6. Which of the statements is (are) consistent with what is known about membrane? (1) A membrane consists of a layer of proteins sandwiched between tow layers of lipids. (2) The compositions of the inner and out lipid layers are the same in any individual membrane. (3) Membranes contain glycolipids