D20S03L03推荐.ppt

Objectives Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the purpose and operation of the STP Explain how to implement STP to solve the problems associated with redundant switched or bridged topologies Spanning-Tree Protocol Spanning-Tree Port States Spanning-Tree Recalculation Spanning-Tree Convergence Rapid Spanning-Tree Protocol Summary STP is a bridge-to-bridge protocol used to maintain a loop-free network. STP establishes a root bridge, a root port, and designated ports. With STP, the root bridge has the lowest bridge ID, which is made up of the bridge’s priority and MAC address. With STP, ports transition through four states: blocking, listening, learning, and forwarding. If a change occurs to the network topology, STP maintains connectivity by transitioning some blocked ports to the forwarding state. RSTP significantly speeds the recalculation of the spanning tree when the network topology changes. ? 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—3-* ? 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. * ? 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ? 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. * Spanning-Tree Protocol Overview Provides a loop-free redundant network topology by placing certain ports in the blocking state. One root bridge per network One root port per nonroot bridge One designated port per segment Nondesignated ports are unused Spanning-Tree Operation Bpdu = Bridge Protocol Data Unit  (default = sent every two seconds) Root bridge = Bridge with the lowest bridge ID Bridge ID = In the example, which switch has the lowest bridge ID? Spanning-Tree Protocol Root Bridge Selection Spanning-tree transits each port through several different states: Spanning-Tree Port States (Cont.) Spanning-Tree Path Cost Spanning-Tree Example Convergence occurs when all the switch and bridge ports have transitioned to either the forwarding or the blocking state. When the network topology changes, switches and bridges must recomp