毛细水对工程的危害及防治措施.doc

郑州交通职业学院 毕 业 论 文 论文题目： 毛细水对工程的危害及防治措施 所属系别 建筑工程系 专业班级 10级建筑工程技术6班 姓　　名 蒋青举 学　　号 201013040510821 指导教师 谷玲培 撰写日期 2013 年 4 月 摘 要 毛细水指的是地下水受土粒间孔隙的毛细作用上升的水分，它是受到水与空气交界面处表面张力作用的自由水。毛细水的形成过程通常用物理学中毛细管现象解释，它分布在土粒内部相互贯通的孔隙中，可以看成是许多形状不一、直径各异、彼此连通的毛细管。细现象是有害的，例如,建筑房屋的时候,在砸实的地基中毛细管又多又细,它们会把土壤中的水分引上来,使得室内潮湿.建房时在地基上面铺油毡,就是为了防止毛细现象造成的潮湿；毛细水主要存在于直径为0.5～0.002mm大小的孔隙中，其对工程的影响主要有：产生毛细压力，对于砂性土特别是细砂、粉砂，由于毛细压力作用使砂性土具有一定的粘聚力(称假粘聚力)；毛细水对土中气体的分布与流通有一定影响，常常是导致产生封闭气体的原因。封闭气体可以增加土的弹性和减小土的渗透性；当地下水位埋深较浅时，由于毛细水上升，可以助长地基土的冰冻现象、致使地下室潮湿甚至危害房屋基础、破坏公路路面、促使土的沼泽化及盐渍化，从而增强地下水对混凝土等建筑材料的腐蚀性。 本文论述了毛细水对工程的危害性，并分析了原因提出了相关的防治的措施。 关键词：毛细水，工程危害，施工管理，工艺，防治措施 Abstract refers to ground water by soil capillary water intergranular pore capillary action of the rising water, it is affected by water and the air interface in the free water surface tension effect. The formation process of capillary water usually use capillary phenomenon in physics and its distribution in soil grain internal connectivity of pore can be as many different shapes, different diameter of capillary, connected to each other. Fine phenomenon is harmful, for example, when building houses, capillary in the tamp foundation more and thin, they will lead the water in the soil, make indoor wet. Building on the foundations laid linoleum, is in order to prevent capillary phenomenon caused by wet; Capillary water mainly exist in the size of the pore diameter was 0.5 ~ 0.002 mm, their impact on the project are: capillary pressure, for the sandy soil is especially fine sand, silt, sand due to capillary pressure effect have certain cohesive force of soil (called a false cohesive force); Capillary gas distribution in the soil and water circulation have a certain impact, often is the cause of closed gas. Soil can increase flexibility and reduce the permeability of soil; Under the local water depth is shallow, due to the capillary water ris