Unit_8_构词法.ppt

Word-formation One way to enlarge your vocabulary! Major Types of Word Formation Derivation: 派生 prefix 前缀 suffix 后缀 e.g. impossible, dislike, enrich teacher, happiness, carefully Compounding:复合 e.g. blackboard, superman, airport Derivation: 派生 prefix suffix(前缀与后缀)前缀一般(但也有例外)改变词的意思而不改变它的词性。 e.g. misunderstand，unhappy, rethink，disagree，transplant 后缀则一般情况下改变词性而词义往往没有根本性的变动。 e.g. hopeless，modernize，slowly Some English Derivational Affixes 前缀 anti- N N antipollution de- V V deactivate dis- V V discontinue ex- N N ex-wife in- A A incomplete mis- V V misplace re- V V redo un- A A unfair un- V V untie, unlock -able V A fixable understandable -ant V N defendant -(at)ion V N protection -er V N discoverer -ing V N the dancing -ing V A the sleeping giant -ive V A impressive -ment V N treatment -ful N A hopeful -(i)al N A national -(i)an N A Arabian -ic N A optimistic -ize N V hospitalize -ize A V modernize -less N A penniless -ous N A poisonous -ate A V activate -en A V widen -ity A V priority -ly A Adv quietly -ness A N sadness Some Frequently Used Affixes 名词词缀 形容词词缀 动词词缀 反义词缀 其他词缀 名词词缀 -ment -ure -(i)ty -ility -ion/-ation/-sion/-tion -ant/-ent -ance/-ancy/-ence/-ency -age -ism -al 名词词缀 -ment v + -ment(表示行为的过程、结果或手段) → n 如: government 统治 replacement 代替 treatment 治疗，疗法 develop require puzzle arrange manage 名词词缀 -ure v/n + -ure(表示具有某种功能的团体或事物) → n 如： literature 文学 creature 创造物；生物 fail seize please depart 名词词缀 -(i)ty adj + -(i)ty(表示性质或状态) → n 如： safety 安全 falsity 错误 novelty 新奇 purity 纯洁 specialty 专