精馏塔的温度控制系统毕业设计-应用文.doc

摘 要 精馏过程是石油炼制、石油化工和其他化工过程中应用最为广泛的传质操作过程。精馏过程由于内在机理复杂，对控制作用的响应缓慢，参数间关联密切，因此控制要求高，难度大。 本文主要研究精馏塔的温度控制，根据其工艺要求来研究精馏塔精馏段的温度控制及其温度对产品质量的影响。精馏过程中产品质量主要取决于对温度的控制，然而，在进行较高纯度分离的精馏塔内，接近塔顶或塔底的一个不太短的塔段内，物料的浓度变化所引起的温度变化比较小这种情况下，当人工发现温度有较明显的变化时，产品质量早己不合要求。所以，在精馏塔内引入自动温度控制系统就是十分必要和紧迫的，合理控制精馏塔温度是产品是否合格的重要指标。本文主要通过具体分析精馏段温度控制系统的特点，得到以回流流量作为副控制对象，精馏段温度为主控制对象的串级控制系统，再进一步对精馏塔温度控制系统的难点进行分析。 本系统采用单片机控制精馏塔温度，用热电偶作为检测元件，采用PID控制算法计算控制量输出，同时用电动调节阀作为执行机构。本系统还具有报警、按键输入及显示等功能从而实现对精馏塔温度的控制。 关键词：单片机；精馏塔；温度控制 Design of temperature control system for distillation column Abstract Distillation process in petroleum refining, petrochemical and other chemical process used most widely mass transfer process. Distillation process due to the complexity of the internal mechanism, the effect on the response of control slow, parameters are closely related. Therefore, the control requirement is high, the difficulty is big. This paper mainly studies the temperature control of distillation column, influence of temperature control and temperature according to the technical requirements of distillation column for the quality of products. The main products on the distillation process to control the quality of temperature, however, in high purity distillation column separation, close to the top or bottom of a short the tower section, the temperature change caused by the change of the concentration of material is relatively small in this case, when the artificial temperature is found to have obvious changes, the quality of the products has long been out of order. Therefore, the introduction of automatic temperature control system is very necessary and urgent in the distillation column, the reasonable temperature control of distillation tower is an important index whether the product is qualified. This paper mainly through the characteristics of rectifying section temperature control system of concrete analysis, obtained in the reflux flow as assistant control object, the rectifying section mainly t