[工学]机械工程英语 UNIT 2 Heat Treatment of Metals.ppt

3. Hardening A good procedure to follow is to heat-quench a number of small specimens of the steel at various temperatures and observe the result, either by hardness testing or by microscopic examination. When the correct temperature is obtained, there will be a marked change in hardness and other properties. 要遵循的合适步骤是将这种钢的一些小试件加热到不同的温度后淬火，再通过硬度试验或显微镜检查观测结果。一旦获得正确的温度，硬度和其它性能都将有明显的变化。 3. Hardening In any heat-treating operation the rate of heating is important. Heat flows from the exterior to the interior of steel at a definite rate. If the steel is heated too fast, the outside becomes hotter than the interior and uniform structure cannot be obtained. 在任何热处理作业中，加热的速率都是重要的。热量以一定的速率从钢的外部传导到内部。如果钢被加热得太快，其外部比内部热就不能得到均匀的组织结构。 3. Hardening If a piece is irregular in shape, a slow rate is all the more essential to eliminate warping(翘曲) and cracking(开裂). The heavier the section, the longer must be the heating time to achieve uniform results. 如果工件形状不规则，为了消除翘曲和开裂最根本的是加热速率要缓慢。截面越厚，加热的时间就要越长才能达到均匀的结果。 3. Hardening Even after the correct temperature has been reached, the piece should be held at that temperature for a sufficient period of time to permit its thickest section to attain a uniform temperature. 即使加热到正确的温度后，工件也应在此温度下保持足够时间以让其最厚截面达到相同温度。 3. Hardening The hardness obtained from a given treatment depends on the quenching rate, the carbon content, and the work size. In alloy steels the kind and amount of alloying element influences only the hardenability (the ability of the workpiece to be hardened to depths) of the steel and does not affect the hardness except in unhardened or partially hardened steels. 通过给定的热处理所得到的硬度取决于淬火速率、含碳量和工件尺寸。除了非淬硬钢或部分淬硬钢外，合金钢中合金元素的种类及含量仅影响钢的淬透性(工件被硬化到深层的能力)而不影响硬度。 3. Hardening Steel with low carbon content will not respond appreciably to hardening treatment. As the carbon content in steel increases up to around 0.60%, the possible hardness obtainable also increases. 含碳量低的钢对淬火处理没有明显的反应。随着钢的含碳量增加到大约0.60%，可能得到的硬度也增加。 3. Hardening Above th