13.创伤和战伤2008PPT.ppt

止血 指压法 加压包扎 填塞压迫法 止血带法 包扎 绷带、三角巾、四头带 就地取材（毛巾、手绢、衣服、包布等） 固定制动 夹板 支具 就地取材（木板、树枝、竹竿等） 先包扎后固定 超关节固定 治疗性固定 TRAUMA Definition Classification Pathology Clinic manifestation Diagnosis Treatment Basic Principles Definition of Trauma Physical agents → ← Human body ↓ energy release absorbed ↓ Structural alteration Physiologic imbalance ↓ Injury OR Wound Classification I - Injury type traffic injury Industrial injury sports injury war or nuclear war injury Classification II – Injury causing agent penetrating injury - sharp instrument inj. Least force knife cut , missiles blunt force injury - contusion, bruise more force crush injury - car running over inj. most force other sources - thermal inj. freeze inj. electrical inj. radiation inj. Classification III – Location of Injury cranial or skull injury thoracic or chest injury abdominal injury extremity injury maxillofacial injury visceral injury Classification VI – Integrity of the skin close injury skin intact open injury skin damage possible to be contaminated or infected septic infection Classification V- Severity of injury slight injury moderate injury severe or mortal injury affect vital signs consciousness breathing circulation TRAUMA 病理 创伤性炎症（局部反应）