26-2尘毒、听力及视力的防护PPT.ppt

了解了污染物对人体的危害后，我们就要采取控制措施，包括选择适当的呼吸防护用品。 “The best method to reduce worker exposure to respiratory hazards is to eliminate or reduce the concentration of contaminants in the air.” “And how can we do this?” Wait for responses from the audience…recognize them, and keep your audience with you… “There are two key strategies: work on engineering controls and use effective protective equipment.” “One of the best strategies for worker protection is the application of engineering control measures.” “There are many ways engineer out the exposure to contaminants: local, area or general ventilation, opening windows , replacement or elimination of dangerous substances in the process, engineering changes to processes, enclosing or surrounding machines or building a booth for the worker.” Workers who have day to day knowledge about their jobs and the equipment they work with can significantly contribute to the solution to problems. They can also help in improving the processes. When you have an idea for a process or equipment change that can reduce or eliminate contamination at its source - especially those “simple things” - share them! Many companies today even have financial rewards for those ideas that save them money or improve work conditions.” 主要分两类：过滤式和供气式。 过滤式中分半面式、全面式和电动送风式。半面式包括免维护型简易口罩和低保养型半面罩，前者虽没有需要更换的部件，但由于卫生原因，使用时间有限；低保养型需要更换滤棉或滤毒盒。半面式与全面式的不同在于全面式覆盖人的整个脸部，比较容易与人脸密合，减少泄漏。无论半面式还是全面式，都依靠人的自主呼吸将作业场所中的含污染物空气吸入，通过过滤材料滤除污染物，吸气时面罩内呈负压，所以如果面罩与人脸密合不好，外界污染物极易进入呼吸区域。电动送风式使用罩住头部的头罩、帽子或头盔，利用蓄电池带动电机将外界空气经滤料泵入呼吸区，流量往往比较大，面罩内可维持正压，减少外界污染物泄漏。 供气式分空气导管式和背罐式，前者利用空气导管将污染环境以外的洁净空气输送给佩带者呼吸，气源可以是气泵或空气瓶；背罐式简称SCBA，气源是佩带者自己背负的小型空气或氧气瓶，所以使用时间有限。 有这么多选择，实际操作中如何确定选择使用哪一种呢？ “Chemical filters are usually made with activated carbon or chemically modified activated carbon which has adsorptive and/or reactive properties against certain gases and vapors. What makes activated carbon so unique is that it has millions of tiny micropores of molecular dimensions capable of trapping workplace