《数据库系统原理Database System Concepts》双语课件-ch2(Relation Model).pptVIP

2007-6-16 APWeb/WAIM2007 Huang Shan 2007-6-16 APWeb/WAIM2007 Huang Shan 2007-6-16 Chapter 2 Relation Model Relational Model Concepts Relational Integrity Constraints Relational Algebra Relational Model Concepts Relational Model Overview A relation is a mathematical concept based on the ideas of sets. The model was first proposed by Dr. E. F. Codd of IBM Research in 1970 in the following paper: A Relational Model for Large Shared Data Banks, Communications of the ACM, June 1970 The above paper caused a major revolution in the field of database management and earned Dr. Codd the coveted ACM Turing Award. Example of a Relation Informal Definitions Informally, a relation looks like a table of values. A relation typically contains a set of rows. The data elements in each row represent certain facts that correspond to a real-world entity or relationship. In the formal model, rows are called tuples Each column has a column header that gives an indication of the meaning of the data items in that column In the formal model, the column header is called an attribute name (or just attribute) Relation Schema The Schema (or description) of a relation is Used to define the logical structure of the relation Denoted by R(A1, A2, .....An) R is the name of the relation A1, A2, ..., An are the attributes of the relation n is the number of the attributes (called arity) Each attribute has a domain A domain of an attribute is A set of permitted values for an attribute Has a logical definition Also has a data-type or a format defined for it Example of Relation Schema Schema - CUSTOMER(cust_id, cust_name, cust_city, cust_mobile) Attribute domain: cust_id must be a 6-digit number cust_name must be a string with maximal 50-character cust_city must be a string with maximal 30-character cust_mobile must be a 11-digit number Relation Instance Let D1, D2, …, Dn be the domains of n attributes of a table, then D1 ? D2 ? … ? Dn-1 ? Dn be the Cartesian Product of the domains. The