好好9.2句子成分与基本句型.ppt

* 句 子 成 分 Members of a Sentence 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成份由词或词组或句子充当 英语的基本成分有七种：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________和_________________________ 主语（subject）、 谓语（predicate）、 表语（predicative）、 宾语（object）、 定语（attribute）、 状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）。 1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 同位语 ↓ 状 语 ㈠主语 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. 一般位于句首，主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的 部分．由名词、代词、数词、不定式、 动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示 ㈡谓语 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． 简单谓语:及物动词/不及物动词+介词 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词+动词原形 或助动词+动词; 或由系动词+表语组成 He can speak English well. We are students. 谓语一般放在主语之后 ㈢表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有: 表状态be(am,is,are,were,was)/appear look/seem/feel/smell/taste/sound 表变化turn/ become/get/grow/come/go 特殊 keep/hold/ continue/ remain/stay 系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet. The weather continues fine . 由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示 ㈣宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人. He gave me some books. ↓ 间接 宾语 ↓ 直接 宾语 ●I like my job. ●I love you. ●He wanted to leave here. ●They enjoyed playing computer games. ● We are discussing where we are going to spend the weekend. ㈤宾语补足语 I found the book interesting. He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、 介词短语和从句充当 主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补. I last saw him playing near the river. → He was last seen playing near the river. The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam. → The student was caught