sagnac和光纤陀螺.ppt

Sagnac干涉仪与光纤陀螺 哈尔滨工程大学理学院 光子科学与技术研究中心 2007年3月 Sagnac Effect First experiments concerning light propagation in rotating media were carried out by F. Harress in 1911. George Sagnac published his results in 1913 and is credited with the effect since Harress made numerous errors in interpretation of his experiment A thought experiment: Sagnac Effect Let us put in some numbers: d =10 cm, A = 45 cm2, l = 633 nm, Ω = 15 deg/hr =7.3×10-5 rad/s Δφ=4.3 ×10-8 rad B. Pogany experimented with an 80 kg device trying to rotate at 1600 rpm. He reported that all optical parts were damaged due to vibration by 600 rpm. Michelson used 5 miles of evacuated sewer pipes to measure the rotation of the Earth. 光纤陀螺（ Fiber Optic Gyro ） 陀螺仪（gyroscope）作为一种主要的惯性敏感器件，用于测量运载体的姿态角和角速度，是构成惯性系统的基础核心器件，是决定其性能的关键。 光纤陀螺(FOG)是一种基于Sagnac原理的光纤角速度传感器，与传统的陀螺相比，它内部没有机械旋转元件，工作启动时间短，稳定性好，寿命长，动态范围宽，质量轻，易于微型化，保持着较高的性价比。 目前，光纤陀螺已经发展成为惯性技术领域具有划时代特征的新型主流仪表，其原理、工艺及其关键技术与传统的机电式仪表有很大的差别，我国已经将光纤陀螺列为惯性技术领域重点发展的关键技术之一。 Optical Gyroscopes Two laser beams are rotating opposite directions in a closed loop; When the beams are combined the rotation rate and direction can be calculated from the interference fringes; Two basic principles: optical resonator and optical interferometer Active optical resonator: Laser Gyro Interferometer Fiber Optic Gyro: Open loop fibre optic interferometer (anal.) Closed loop fibre optic interferometer (digit.) Passive optical resonator:Fibre optic resonator Active Ring-laser Gyro Active optical resonator Resonator is a laser itself (active) If gyro is rotated counter-clock wise direction, the counter-clock wise beam is travelling slightly longer than the opposite beam The change in the path length is proportional to the rotation rate In very small rotation rates there is a dead-band because of frequency lock-in Laser Gyro Introduce an active laser medium into the cavity. This effectively converts phase changes to frequency changes. The intensity is modulated at the beat