高中定语从句及习题(答案).doc

定语从句 一、含义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句，它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如： This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.’t the boy that he used to be. 7. 先行词前有such或the same修饰，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。 This is the same bike that I lost two weeks ago. 四、只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况。 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 2. 当关系代词前有介词时。 This is the house in which he once lived. 3. 代替句子一部分或全部。 She studies hard at school, which makes her parents happy. 4. 先行词本身就是that时。 That which you told him about is what we want to know. 你告诉他们的事情就是我们想知道的。 五、只能用who不能用that引导定语从句的情况。 1. 先行词指人的不定代词时，如one, anyone, no one, all, anybody等 All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. 2. 先行词是those且指人时。 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 3. 在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 There is a young lady who asks for you. 六、as引导的定语从句。 1. as 可作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，即可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或状语。常用在the same...as..., such...as..., as...as...等结构中。 Such teachers as know Tom think him bright. 认识汤姆的老师都认为他很聪明。(主语) I like the same book as you do.(宾语) I shall do it in the same way as you did.(状语) 2. as引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的内容。as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。从句可放主句前也可放主句后。 As we all know, China has become a world famous nation.(宾语) Lu Xun, as is known to us all, was a great writer.(主语)—插入语。 类似插入语句式有：as is said above, as is known to all, as it is等。 七、关系副词when/where/why 代替先行词在定语从句中充当状语。 1. when 表时间，先行词是时间名词，如time, day, hour, year等。 I cant forget the night when I came to the farm. 2. where表地点，先行词是地点名词，如place, factory, house, village等。 The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 3. why 表原因，先行词是reason. This is the reason why he left early. 八、介词+which/whom 1. when, where和why引导的定语从句可用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句替换。 Do you have any reason for which you shoul