制革专业英语.docVIP

Pickling 浸酸 The use of liquors containing acid and salt is referred to as pickling, which is commonly carried out in the usual wooden paddles and drums. The skins are paddled in the salt and water until the salt has dissolved and diffused 扩散 evenly. The sulphuric acid cont.(B.O.V.) is carefully and slowly poured into 倒入 at least ten times its volume of cold water. After this dilution 稀释 it is added to the water in the running paddle, taking care that no splashes 溅 of acid land directly on the skins or the operator, who should wear protective clothing, as described on page 76. The goods are then run for about two hours to obtain thorough penetration 彻底的渗透 . The acidity of the pickled goods may then be checked and may be corrected by further additions of acid if required. Pickling will give a pH of 1.0-2.0 and there is ample salt present not only to prevent acid swelling, but to cause some decrease in thickness of the skins, which are now white, soft and flaccid. Normally 3% salt on the total volume of water present will prevent dangerous acid swelling. This volume of water includes not only the water added to the drum, but also such water as may be present in the pack of skins which may be 100% or more on the weight of skins. It is, therefore, necessary to check the salt concentration on the volume of water, and the acid on the weight of skins, as the acid is absorbed by, and chemically combines with, the skin. Where pickling is used to prepare the skins for a particular tannage, it is carefully controlled to suit that tannage. Chrome tannage fixes to the leather more rapidly and strongly the higher the pH of the raw skin. Thus if the skin is pickled to a low pH of 2.0 one gets a mellow 温和 light chrome tannage and if to a pH of 5.0 one may get rapid surface fixation 快速结合的表面 (as Tringency) with little penetration and almost raw skin’ inside. A common European practice was to give a light quick pickle so that the grain was pH 3.0 whilst the corium was pH4.0-