剖宫产手术的护理配合.ppt.ppt

病人的位置 The patient may be in the sitting position or lateral position (lying on one side).病人可在坐位或侧卧位（一方说谎）。 The sitting patient is asked to slouch and bend forward slightly from the waist to increase the curvature of the spine.该患者被要求坐在懒散和从腰部向前弯曲略有增加脊柱的曲度。 The lying patient is asked to draw the knees up to the chin for the same reason.躺着的病人被要求画出膝盖到下巴出于同样的原因。 * 在右图描绘了脊柱的各种结构。 The spinal cord (yellow core) is in intimate contact with the pia mater (blue).脊髓（黄芯）是与亲密接触软脑膜 （蓝色）。 The arachnoid (red) exists superficial to the pia mater, and is attached to it by many trabeculae, giving it a spider-like appearance.而蛛网膜（红色）存在的软脑膜表面，并附加许多小梁它，给它一个蜘蛛般的外观。 This space (light blue) is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is called the subarachnoid space .这个空间（浅蓝色）充满脑脊液 （CSF），称为蛛网膜下腔 。 Superficial to the arachnoid is the dura mater (pink) and although they are unattached, they are kept firmly pressed against one another because of pressure exerted by the CSF.浅表的蛛网膜是硬脑膜 （粉红色），虽然他们是独立的，他们一直坚决反对之一，因为由CSF施加压力又压。 Superficial to the dura mater is a space (pale green), known as the epidural space , that exists between it and the internal surfaces of the vertebral bones and their supporting ligamentous structures.浅表的硬脑膜是一个空间（淡绿色），作为硬膜外腔已知，即它与在内部表面存在椎体骨骼及其配套韧带结构。 This space is likewise pressed closed by surrounding tissue pressure, so it is called a potential space.这个空间同样是由周围组织的压力压封闭，因此它被称为“势”的空间。 The vertebral bones (taupe) are attached to one another by the interspinous ligaments (teal).在（灰褐色）椎体骨骼连接到另一个由（青色），棘间韧带。 Insertion of an epidural involves threading a needle between the bones, through the ligaments and into the epidural potential space taking great care to avoid puncturing the layer immediately below containing CSF under pressure.硬膜外插入一个涉及线程之间的骨头针，通过韧带，进入硬膜外潜在空间采取非常谨慎，以避免穿刺层下方包含在压力下CSF。 * 一个带有曲线在后面的单独脊髓针通过硬膜外针（回洞）口专门针已提供A：对硬膜外针尖在硬膜外腔所示。 A spinal needle is shown passing through the lumen of the epidural needle and entering the subarachnoid space. B: After the spinal anesthesi