【医学课件】 PATHOGENIC EFFECTS OF BACTERIA.pptVIP

* PATHOGENIC EFFECTS OF BACTERIA H.A. MWAKYOMA PATHOGENIC EFFECTS OF BACTERIA Extracellular bacteria Intracellular bacteria Extracellular bacteria:- examples Staphylococcus aureus Pneumococci Gonococci (Neisseria gonorrhoea) Clostridium tetani perfringence botulinum Extracellular bacteria:- examples :- examples Salmonella sp Vibrio cholerae Shigella sp Gram –negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae E. coli Pseudomonas sp. etc Extracellular bacteria:- Extracellular bacterial pathogens of man resist early engulfment (phagocytosis) by neutrophils in order to gain a foothold in the host tissue for effective mechanism to favour their survival (ability to resist phagocytosis) Bacteria may resist phagocytosis in a number of ways: Generation of toxins; Some bacteria generate toxins lethal for leucocytes and their host cells Bacteria may resist phagocytosis in a number of ways: Forming slipperly hydrophilic capsules Other bacteria solve their survival problem by forming slipperly hydrophilic antiphagocytic capsule- e.g. pneumococci that resist attachment to wondering neutrophils. Some bacteria resist phagocytosis by the presence of M- protein and hyluronic acid- in Streptococci pyogens FALCULTATIVE INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA- direct damage Some organisms like Tubercle bacilli and other chronic infectious agents counteract phagocyte aggression after being interiorized by the following mechanisms:- Inhibiting fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosome Shielding (Evading) themselves from the free radicals and enzymes generated around them, hence cannot leave the phagosome. They have the potential of establishing latent foci of infection capable of long-term reactivation often resulting in granulomatous lesions Bacterial survival in the face of effective phagolysosome fusion is attributed to specific surface components:- TB mechanisms- cont-- Mycocydes Covalently linked complex lipids and carbohydrates Appear to be directly related to bacterial virulence Sulfated glycol