【医学课件】 Conditions that Change Allele Frequencies.pptVIP

Figure 14.3;Nonrandom Mating;Nonrandom Mating Alters Allele Frequencies;Examples of Nonrandom Mating;Examples of Nonrandom Mating;Migration;Migration Alters Allele Frequencies;Genetic Drift;Genetic Drift Alters Allele Frequencies;Genetic Drift;Founder Effect;Figure 15.6;Examples of Founder Effect;Genetic Drift and Nonrandom Mating;Population Bottlenecks;Population Bottlenecks;Examples of Population Bottlenecks;Mutation;Mutations Alter Allele Frequencies;Mutation;Natural Selection;Natural Selection Alters Allele Frequencies;Artificial Selection;Natural Selection and Tuberculosis;Figure 15.16;Bacterial Antibiotic-Resistance;Natural Selection in HIV;Initially the immune system identifies and eliminates many cells infected with HIV Mutations occur in the virus Viral mutations allowing increased replication or immune system evasion are favored Gradually the immune system of the infected person can no longer fight off the HIV infection HIV infection progresses to AIDS when lack of an intact immune system leads to opportunistic infections Now becoming chronic rather than lethal ;Balanced Polymorphism;Sickle Cell Disease and Malaria;Figure 15.12;Prion Disease and Cannibalism;Cystic Fibrosis and Diarrheal Disease;Phenylketonuria (PKU);Phenylketonuria (PKU);Eugenics;Eugenics extends the concept of natural selection and Mendel’s laws but does not translate well into practice Some people consider modern genetic screening practices eugenic - However, genetic testing typically aims to prevent or alleviate human suffering Wars may have eugenic consequences