免费停车的高昂代价.pdfVIP

免费停车的 高昂代价 1 Some background for thinking about American parking policies 美国停车政策背景 American motor vehicles consume one-eighth of the world’s total oil production. 机动车消耗全球产油总量的八分之一 We import half of all the oil we consume.消耗的石油中50%依靠进口 We pay for these imports with borrowed money. 政府举债支付进口石油 U.S. has 18 percent more vehicles than licensed drivers. 机动车数量比 驾照持有者数量多18% American drivers park free at the end of 99% of their vehicle trips.机 动车出行中免费停车高达99% Anything that is unsustainable will eventually stop.任何阻碍可持续发展 的行为都将被阻止 2 Transportation systems have three basic elements: 交通系统的三个基本要素： Vehicles Rights of way Terminal capacity 交通工具 路权 站点容量 Trains 火车 Tracks 轨道 Stations 火车站 Airplanes 飞机 Sky 天空 Airports 飞机场 Ships 轮船 Oceans 海洋 Seaports 港口 Cars 汽车 Roads 道路 Parking spaces 停车位 Zoning has three basic elements 规划小区的三个基本要素 1. Permitted uses, such as residential, commercial and industrial zones 经许可的使用用途，如居民区、商 业区和工业区 2. Permitted bulk—regulated by floor-area ratios, height limits, setbacks, and open-space requirements 经许可的空间，受限于容积率、高度限制、建筑港湾和 敞开式空间的要求 3. Off-street parking requirements 路外停车配建标准 3 Survey of parking requirements for 660 land uses in 2002 2002年660处用地的停 车配建标准调查 4 The Planning Advisory Service’s own words summarize its main conclusions: 美国规划咨询服务（PAS）机构的主要结论 The underlying assumptions used in drafting parking requirements are unknown (1964,1).起草停车配建标准所需要的基本假设尚未明确（1964，1） Cop