程序设计(I)_ch04Functions.ppt

Chapter 4 - Functions 4.1 Program Modules in C Functions Modules in C Programs combine user-defined functions with library functions C standard library 标准库has a wide variety of functions Function calls 函数调用 Invoking functions Provide function name and arguments (data)实际参数 (数据) Function performs operations or manipulations Function returns results Function call analogy: Boss asks worker to complete task Worker gets information, does task, returns result Information hiding: boss does not know details 从函数声明的角度看： 标准函数（库函数）：由C++语言的集成 开发环境提供，存放在库(Library) 函数 中，用户在链接相应的库函数头文 件后便可以直接使用。 用户自定义的函数 从函数的形式看： 无参函数：调用该函数时，主调函数不需 函数 要将数据传递给被调用函数，只执 行指定的一组操作 有参函数：主调需传递数据给被调函数 Example Format for calling functions FunctionName( argument ); If multiple arguments, use comma-separated list printf( %.2f, sqrt( 900.0 ) ); Calls function sqrt, which returns the square root of its argument All math functions return data type double Arguments may be constants, variables, or expressions Math library functions 数学库函数 perform common mathematical calculations #include math.h 4.2 Functions Functions Modularize a program程序模块化 All variables declared inside functions are local variables局部变量 Known only in function defined Parameters形式参数（简称形参) Communicate information between functions Local variables局部变量 Benefits of functions Divide and conquer分而治之 Manageable program development Software reusability软件重用 Use existing functions as building blocks for new programs Abstraction - hide internal details (library functions库函数) Avoid code repetition避免代码重复 Function Definitions Function definition format return-value-type function-name( parameter-list ){ declarations and statements} Function-name: any valid identifier Return-value-type: data type of the result (default int) void – indicates that the function returns nothing Parameter-list形式参数表: comma separated list, declares parameters A type must be listed explicitly for each parameter unless, the parameter is of type int