基于物理栖息地模型的梯级水库多目标生态调度研究1推荐.docxVIP

基于物理栖息地模型的梯级水库多目标生态调度研究Multi-objective optimization of cascade reservoirs ecological dispatch based onphysical habitat simulation model摘 要：本文以梯级水库的生态环境效益、社会效益、经济效益整体最大化为目标函数，建立了梯级水库多目标生态调度模型，用物理栖息地模型求得流域内典型生物良好生存所需的生态流量目标，通过对多目标生态调度模型进行求解，并将生态调度结果与常规调度结果进行对比分析后表明，梯级水库若实行生态调度，对于保护流域内典型特有生物具有重要作用。Abstract: A model of multi-objective ecological dispatch of cascade reservoirs is established in pursuit of maximum of ecological environmental benefits, social and economic benefits to obtain the ecological flow required for the survival of typical creatures within a watershed by solving the physical habitat model. Through a comparative analysis between ecological regulation and conventional scheduling, results indicate that ecological dispatching of the cascade reservoir is an effective method for the protection of typical species within the watershed.关键字：梯级水库、多目标生态调度、物理栖息地模型Keywords: cascade reservoir ecological dispatch physical habitat model1.序言Introduction河流梯级开发通常以发电作为主要目标，部分水库兼有灌溉、防洪、供水、航运等综合利用，这些目标与河流生态环境保护间具有既协调一致、又相互矛盾的特性。所谓生态调度，是对梯级水库的运行方式进行调整，使梯级水库能够在尽量满足各种综合利用要求的同时降低对流域生态环境的不利影响，保护流域特有、珍稀、濒危物种不受破坏，维持河流生态系统稳定性[1]。1959年开始前苏联在伏尔加河、1970~1972年南非对潘哥拉水库、1991~1992年乌克兰在德涅斯特河、1991~1996年美国在田纳西河、1964年我国对三门峡水库及2002年对小浪底进行了生态调度实践，对于特定河流的生态环境的保护起到了积极作用。Cascade development of the river usually takes generating electricity as the main target, some of the reservoirs for the comprehensive utilization of irrigation, flood control, water supply and navigation. Relationship between these objectives and river eco-environmental protection is both coherent and mutually contradictory. So-called ecological operation of cascade reservoir is to adjust operation mode to meet utilization requirements for the reservoirs. Meanwhile it reduces negative effects on the ecological environment, protects endemic and endangered species within watershed from destruction and maintains stability of river ecosystem [1]. International ecological operation practices had conducted on the Volga River in the f