国际市场营销课件英文版chapter2补充Economicfinancial.ppt

The Global Economic Financial Environment Global Marketing THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Overview Local, regional, and global economic environments influence marketing mix decisions. Economic Integration Regional Economic Integration Levels of economic integration Free Trade Area Goods and services are freely trades among all members. Each country maintains its own trade barriers vis-à-vis nonmembers. Customs Union Members establish a common trade policy with respect to nonmembers. Regional Economic Integration Levels of economic integration Common Market Factors of production mobility is emphasized. A common external tariff is adopted Economic Union Integration and harmonization of economic and monetary policies is achieved leading to political union. European Union Integration Expected economic growth from: Eliminating transaction costs Economies of scale will be attained as production becomes concentrated More intense competition from EU companies Operations from one country can be freely expanded to other countries. Products can be freely sold across borders to millions of new consumers. Fortress Europe May Develop EU integration may result in increased restrictions on trade and investment. Economic Integration in the Americas The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) created the world’s largest free market. 390 million U.S., Canadian, and Mexican consumers The Maquiladoras Plants in Mexico that make goods and parts or process food for export back to the U.S. Economic Integration in Asia Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) East Asia Economic Group South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic Integration in Africa and the Middle East Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Afro-Malagasy Economic Union East Africa Customs Union West African Economic Community Maghreb Economic Community Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Integration (contd.) According to Standard Poor’s Globa