(精选)欧洲文化入门Europe Culture5 The Seventeenth Century The Age of Reason (1600-1699)课件.pptVIP

Europe Culture An Introduction 5;The Seventeenth Century/The Age of Reason (1600-1699) ;i)?People care about learning because of humanistic ideas (advancement of mankind). ii)?Weakening of the power of the Church due to the reformation and so ideas are freer. iii)?New theories are developed which can later on be proved c.f. Nicolaus Copernicus. iv) All of this speeds up learning and the exchange of ideas which leads to massive breakthroughs in thinking in the Seventeenth Century.? Bertrand Russell: “Almost everything that distinguishes the modern world from earlier centuries is attributable to science, which achieved its most spectacular triumphs in the Seventeenth Century.” ;i) Science advances in a logical progression through modern history: -?Breakthrough in Physics and Mathematics in the Seventeenth Century (cf. Newton). -?Developments in Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century. -?Advances in Biology in the Nineteenth Century (cf. Charles Darwin). -?Advances in Psychology in the 20th Century (cf. Sigmund Freud). ; Copernicus then used a different ancient Greek model (a heliocentric one) and discovered that this could account, much more accurately, for the movement of the heavenly bodies. -??Copernicus did not wish to argue with the church and published his book only at the persuasion of friends.? It is said that he saw the first copy on the day he died (May 24th 1543). -? Copernicus’ theory was only a hypothesis or really a re-examination of an ancient Greek idea which contrasts with that of Ptolemy.? It did, however get the ball rolling as it was only a matter of time before someone with more advanced ; implements looked at Copernicus’ theory and that of Ptolemy and realized that the Copernican idea could explain the movement of the heavenly bodies much more effectively. -? Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) was a German astronomer who takes up Copernicus’ idea and discovers the three laws of planetary motion (published 1609): 1) Each planet moves in an elli