(精选)【高血压英文课件精品课件】Cerebrovascular Stroke教学课件.pptVIP

If hemorrhage is the etiology of a stroke, hypertension often is a precipitating factor. Vascular abnormalities, such as arteriovenous malformations and cerebral aneurysms, are more prone to rupture and cause hemorrhage in the presence of hypertension. The most frequent neurovascular syndrome seen in thrombotic and embolic strokes is due to involvement of the middle cerebral artery. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY This artery mainly supplies the lateral aspects of the cerebral hemisphere. Infarction to that area of the brain can cause contralateral motor and sensory deficits. If the infarcted hemisphere is dominant, speech problems result, and dysphasia may be present. Dysphasia: difficulty in speaking and putting words into the correct order A stroke is usually characterized by the sudden onset of focal neurological impairment. The patient may experience signs such as weakness, numbness, visual changes, dysarthria, dysphagia, or aphasia. dysarthria :difficulty in speaking words clearly, caused by damage to the central nervous system dysphagia :difficulty in Swallowing aphasia : a condition in which a person is unable to speak or write, or to understand speech or writing because of damage to the brain centres controlling speech CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS The manifestations of a stroke depend on the anatomical location of the lesion. If symptoms resolve in less than 24 hours, the event is classified as a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Most TIAs last for only minutes to less than an hour, which further clouds recognition and prompt treatment. Furthermore, the differential diagnosis of stroke includes ruling out intracerebral hemorrhage, SAH, subdural or epidural hematoma, neoplasm, seizure, or migraine headache The time of symptom onset to administration of thrombolytic therapy (or “time to needle”) should be within a 3-hour window. patient’s history helps determine what has happened to the individual. It is important to obtain a description of the neurological event; how