国外社会心理学1课件6.pptVIP

Chapter 6 Prejudice: Its Causes, Effects, and Cures Prejudice: Its Causes, Effects, and Cures The Nature and Origins of Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination Prejudice and Discrimination: Feelings and Actions Toward Social Groups Why Prejudice Is Not Inevitable: Techniques for Countering Its Effects Nature and Origins of Stereotyping, etc. Stereotyping: Beliefs About Social Groups Stereotypes—beliefs about social groups in terms of the traits or characteristics that they are believed to share These mental categories affect the processing of social information. Gender Stereotypes—the traits possessed by females and males, and that distinguish the two genders from each other Contain both positive and negative traits and convey status Nature and Origins of Stereotyping, etc. Stereotypes and the “glass ceiling,” the barriers that prevent qualified females from advancing to top-level positions Female leaders tend to receive lower evaluations from their subordinates compared to male leaders. Women who violate expectancies based on stereotypes are likely to be rejected in male occupations. Women face greater obstacles than men do to achieve similar levels of success. Men in traditionally female occupations do not face the glass ceiling. Nature and Origins of Stereotyping, etc. Consequences of token women in high places Tokenism can be an effective strategy for deterring protest by disadvantaged groups. Tokens serve purpose of maintaining status quo It can be used as evidence that employers are not really prejudiced and maintains perceptions that system is fair Being a token employee can be upsetting and damaging to self-esteem Tokens are perceived negatively by their coworkers Nature and Origins of Stereotyping, etc. Do targets agree with stereotypes of their group? Benevolent Sexism—suggests that women are superior to men in various ways (e.g., they have better taste) and are necessary for men’s happiness Women are more likely than men are to agree with these