Chapter 3 Culture Difference and Ethics in International Business 1国际商务中文化不同.pptVIP

Definition of Culture (I) Hofstede (1984) The collective mental programming of the people in an environment Textbook A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living Definition of Culture (II) Values abstract ideas about the good, the right, the desirable Norms Social rules and guidelines; determine appropriate behavior in specific situations Folkways: norms of little moral significance dress codes, social manners, and neighborly behavior Mores: norms central to functioning of social life Theft, adultery, incest and cannibalism Determinants of Culture Determinants of Culture Political philosophy Economic philosophy Social structure Individuals and groups Social stratification Religious and ethnical systems Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism Confucianism Language Spoken and unspoken Education Advantages and Disadvantages of Collectivism and Individualism Individualism Creativity, fast decision making, pioneership, diversity Low cooperation, selfishness, loneliness Managerial mobility between companies Team work difficult, non-collaborative Economic dynamism, innovation (e.g., U.S. companies) Collectivism High cooperation, devotion to the group, loyalty Low creativity, slow decision making, Low diversity Loyalty and commitment to company Easy to build teams, collaboration In-depth knowledge of company (e.g., Japanese companies) Social Stratification Social mobility Caste system Closed system of stratification Class system Less rigid form of social stratification Class consciousness Tension between different social classes Religious and Ethical Systems Christianity 1.7 billion adherents The Protestant work ethics (Weber, 1904) Islam 1 billion adherents The prohibition of interest on loans Hinduism 750 million adherents Anti-materialistic, socially stratified Religious and Ethical Systems Buddhism 350 million adherents Anti-materialistic, social equality Confucianism 200 mill