大学英语三级训练材料辅导1.docVIP

大学英语三级训练材料辅导 2012、4—5 刘文超 1． 语法练习 情态动词 情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度，主要有can ,could ,may ,might ,must , ought ,need , dare , dared ,used to ，此外 shall , will , should ,would在一定场合下也可以用作情态动词。情态动词的特点是它们都有一定的词义，和另一动词一起构成谓语，在各种人称后都用同样的形式。三级考试中需要特别注意的是情态动词后动词不同的形式和意义。 情态动词和动词的完成形式构成谓语，即“情态动词+ have +动词过去分词”表示推论、猜测和设想，意为“应当已经…”、“想必已经…”等这类意思。 1）can /could /may/might/ must + have + 动词过去分词 表示对过去事件的推论，意思是“可能”、“也许”、“一定”已经发生。例如： The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是湿的，昨晚一定是下雨了 He can’t have done such stupid things to me. 他一定不会对我做出这种愚蠢的事 Where can he have hidden the money ? 他会把钱藏到哪儿呢？ 2）should /ought to + have +动词过去分词 肯定句为“ 本应该…” 表示应该发生而没有发生的事情。否定式即”should not /ought not to have done “ 意为“ 本不该”，表示对已经发生的事情的责备]惊奇或推测。评论过去“应该做”而实际为做到的动作，含有批评的意思。例如： The dog is dead .I should (ought to ) have sent it to the hospital earlier. 狗死了，我应该早点送它 到医院的。 The tower is still in good condition, It ought to have been knocked down.。 那座塔还很好，不应该被拆掉的 3) might /could + have +动词过去分词 表示过去可能发生而没有发生的事情.例如： You were stupid to go skating on the cement ground. You could /might have broken your leg. 你真蠢，自己到水泥地上滑冰，你有可能回摔断腿的。 If you had come earlier, you could (might) have met the president. 如果早来一会儿的话， 你本来是可以见到校长的 4) needn’t + have +动词过去分词 表示做了不必做的事，意为“其实不必”，例如： You needn’t have listened to him. （其实你不必听他的） 情态动词 18． John should have telephoned the manager this afternoon ,but he forget. (should +完成式，表示应完成但未完成的动作) 1 You should have told me about it 2 You should have given him a chance to try. 1 They ought to have received my letter. 2 They ought to have got up by now. 3 You ought to have told me about it yesterday. (must +完成式，表示对过去的事情的猜测，意为“一定是“) She must have missed the train. He must have gone to bed. He must have been out of senses when he did it. ( may + 完成式 表示对过去事情的猜测，意为“可能…”) They may have forgotten the appointment. They may have already finished the work. They may have thrown it away. ( can n’t/couldn’t+ 完成式 表示对过去不可能发生的事情猜测，意为“不可能…”) They can’t (couldn’t) have gone that far