(精编)【体外膜肺ECMO精品课件】 Central Nervous System Physiology, Behavior Stress教学课件.pptVIP

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2018-03-21 发布于天津
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(精编)【体外膜肺ECMO精品课件】 Central Nervous System Physiology, Behavior Stress教学课件.ppt

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Central Nervous System Physiology, Behavior Stress AnS 536 Spring 2014 Timing of the Development of the Brain and CNS Last half of gestation “Critical period” Time sensitive, irreversible decision point in the development of the neural structure or system Rapid and/or dramatic changes in one or more of the structural, neurochemical, or molecular parameters Developmental changes occur largely in the last half of gestation Growth and development continue to occur beyond the neonatal period Timing of the Development of the Brain and CNS Brain size during gestation The growth of the brain is not a linear process Development of different parameters may peak at different times Weeks 29-41 of gestation: Brain size ?increases at a rate of 15 mL per week Week 28: Brain is 13% of term brain volume Week 34: Brain is 64% of term brain Weeks 35-41: Five fold increase of white matter volume Increasing neuronal connectivity, dendritic arborizatoin and connectivity, increasing synaptic junctions, and the maturation of neurochemical and enzymatic processes Mediating the Development of the Brain and CNS Prenatal development Neurotrophic factors and guidance factors mediate the successful targeting and steering of axons Axons are projected to neurons over long distances to reach their final targets CNS myelin proteins might also help preserve an appropriate CNS neuronal network Prevents an overly exuberant axonal sprouting with misconnections Brain Injury at Birth Subarachnoid hemorrhage Primary Hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space Most common form of intracranial bleeding in term neonates Rupture of small veins bridging the leptomeninges is most common occurrence Secondary Extension of subdural, intraventricular, or intraparenchymal hemorrhages Occur less often Trauma, coagulation disorders and rupture of intracranial aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation can be responsible Brain Injury at Birth Subdural hemorrhage Categorized by origin and direction of spread (supratent