宾语从句定语从句.doc

宾语从句 时态：1．主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不现” 　 2．主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从句过” 　　 主句用过去时，从句是科学真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时。 　　 情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。 从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。．从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他.从句的引导词有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等等 宾语从句的用法 ．that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外： 　 1．介词宾语从句的that不省略 　　 2． and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。 　　He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. 　　 3．在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。 　　I heard it said that he had gone abroad 　　We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time 　　 Whether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外： 　　 1．whether从句中有or not 　　 2．whether从句做介词宾语 　　 Everything depends on whether you agree with us 　　 许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构常是： 　　主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句 　　 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 　　 宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 　　 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. 　　 Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 　　 B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 　　 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. 　　 Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. 　　 Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. 　　 Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. 　　 C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 　　 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. 　　 Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. 　　 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 　　我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. ②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to. 　　 I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food. 　　我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. ③若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替 　　 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 　　我们都认为你所说的是不可信的