(精编)【医学课件】 Important Traits for Crop Improvement教学课件.pptVIP

Important Traits for Crop Improvement;TRANSGENIC PLANTS;Tearless Onion;Colorful Cauliflowers;Glyphosate Resistance Glyphosate = “Roundup”, “Tumbleweed” = Systemic herbicide Marketed under the name Roundup, glyphosate inhibits the enzyme EPSPS (S-enolpyruvlshikimate-3 phosphate – involved in chloroplast amino acid synthesis), makes aromatic amino acids. The gene encoding EPSPS has been transferred from glyphosate-resistant E. coli into plants, allowing plants to be resistant. Glufosinate Resistance Glufosinate (the active ingredient being phosphinothricin) mimics the structure of the amino acid glutamine, which blocks the enzyme glutamate synthase. Plants receive a gene from the bacterium Streptomyces (bar gene) that produce a protein that inactivates the herbicide. ;Bromoxynil Resistance A gene encoding the enzyme bromoxynil nitrilase (BXN) is transferred from Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria to plants. Nitrilase inactivates the Bromoxynil before it kills the plant. Sulfonylurea. Kills plants by blocking an enzyme needed for synthesis of the amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Resistance generated by mutating a gene in tobacco plants (acetolactate synthase), and transferring the mutated gene into crop plants. ;Roundup Ready? Soybeans;Insect resistance;Insect Resistance;;Plants may be engineered with genes for resistance to viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Virus-resistant plants have a viral protein coat gene that is overproduced, preventing the virus from reproducing in the host cell, because the plant shuts off the virus’ protein coat gene in response to the overproduction. Coat protein genes are involved in resistance to diseases such as cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus, and potato virus X. ; Allow for crops, such as tomatoes, to have a higher shelf life. Tomatoes generally ripen and become soft during shipment to a store. Tomatoes are usually picked and sprayed with the plant hormone ethylene to induce ripening, although this does not im