test2-4_PLC概述-back-all.docVIP

PLC Overview PLC概述 Programmable logic controllers，or programmable controllers，or PLCs for short，are specialized industrial devices for interfacing to and controlling analog and digital devices．They are also special computer devices used for automation of real-world processes，such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines．The PLC usually uses a microprocessor．The program can often be used to control complex sequencing and is often written by engineers．The program is stored in battery-backed memory or EEPROMs． 可编程逻辑控制器，或可编程控制器，简称PLC，是工业专用装置，用于连接和控制模拟和数字设备。PLC也是一种特殊的计算机装置，应用于实际过程的自动化，比如控制工厂装配流水线上的机械等。可编程逻辑控制器一般使用微处理器。程序通常可用来进行复杂的序列过程控制，并由工程师编写。程序存储在有备用电池的随机存储器或者电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)中。 PLCs come in many shapes and sizes．They can be so small as to fit in your shirt pocket，while more involved control systems require large PLC racks．Smaller PLCs are typically designed with fixed I/O points. PLC的形状和大小各异。它们可以小到装入衬衣口袋里，而比较复杂的控制系统则需要大型的PLC机柜。较小的PLC通常设计有固定的I/O接口。 All PLCs have the basic structure．shown in Fig．9-1． （所有）PLC的基本结构如图9.1所示。 From Fig．9-1，the PLC has five main units：the central processing unit (CPU)，the programme memory，the data memory，the output devices and the input devices． 由图9．1可见，PLC有5个主要部件：中央处理器(CPU)、程序存储器、数据存储器、输出设备和输入设备。 The CPU is dedicated to run one program that monitors a series of different inputs and logically manipulates the outputs for the desired control．They are meant to be very flexible in how they can be programmed while also providing the advantages of high reliability (no program crashes or mechanical failures)，compact and economical over traditional control systems．The programme memory is used for storing the instructions for the logical control sequence．The status of switches，interlocks，past values of data and other working data is stored in the data memory． CPU会运行一个程序，监测一系列不同输入，并对输出进行逻辑操作以实现所预期的控制。它们要有灵活的编程方式，还具有比传统控制系统更可靠（没有程序崩溃或机械故障）、更紧凑、更经济的优点。程序存储器是用于存储逻辑控制序列指令的。开关状态、联锁状态、以前的数据值和其他的工作数据都存储在数据存储器中。 The main differences from other com