秦巴山区介水染病流行趋势及控制对策研究.doc

秦巴山区介水传染病流行趋势及控制对策研究 孙长喜( 刘兴宝 【摘要】目的 掌握介水传染病流行特征、流行因素和流行趋势,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 对秦巴山区竹山县近10年介水传染病疫情进行统计，并检索国内秦巴山区介水传染病相关文献，用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2005～2014年竹山县共报告介水传染病6种，计3895例，年均报告发病率83.91/10万，无死亡病例报告。报告发病率以2005年最低(3.95/10万)，2013年最高(237.09/10万)，呈上升趋势。报告病例以其它感染性腹泻最多，占报告总数的79.41%(3093/3895)。疫情分布17个乡镇，年均发病率以城关(179.61/10万)、潘口(139.00/10万)为高。四季均有发病，主要集中于9～12月，占发病总数的55.22%(2151/3895)。男性发病高于女性，发病年龄以0～4岁年龄组最高，占73.43%(2860/3895)。结论 经济贫困，群众的卫生防病意思淡薄，环境恶化，饮用水存在安全隐患，疫情监管不规范，传染源未得到及时发现、报告和管理是导致介水传染病流行的原因；应加强传染源管理，加强食品安全风险监测和生活饮用水监测，强化监督管理，及时发现、处理安全隐患，积极开展“三管一灭”（管水、管粪、管食物、灭蝇）为主要内容的切断传播途径措施，同时广泛开展健康教育，提高群众预防介水传染病的生活技能。 　【关键词】秦巴山区；介水传染病；流行病学；控制对策 Epidemic trend and control strategy of water-borne diseases in Qin Ba mountain area Sun Changxi；Liu Xingbao Abstract: Objective to know the epidemic characteristics, epidemic factors and trends of water-borne diseases, and provide the basis for the prevention and control measures. Method Zhushan County is in Qinba mountain area, we counted nearly 10 years of water-borne infectious diseases statistics, and retrieved the Qinba mountain of waterborne infectious diseases related literature, and then analyzed by using descriptive epidemiology method.Result From 2005 to 2014 there are total report 6 kinds and?3895 cases?of water-borne infectious diseases, the average annual reported incidence rate was 83.91/10 million. there are no deaths were reported. The reported incidence rate was lowest in 2005 (3.95/10 million), the highest in 2013 (237.09/10 million), a rising trend. The number of reported cases with other infectious diarrhea was the most,account for 79.41% (3093/3895). The epidemic distributied in 17 villages and towns, the average annual incidence in Chengguan (179.61/10 million), Pankou (139.00/10 million) for high. The incidence break in the four seasons, mainly concentrated in 9 ~ December, the total number of 55.22% (2151/3895). Male incidence was higher than female, 0 to 4 age group were the highest, accounting for 73.43% (2860/3895). Conclus