图像边缘检测算法的硬件实现方法研究.doc

图像边缘检测算法的硬件实现方法研究 摘要 本文主要描述了如何使用基于Xilinx公司的Spartan-3A DSP1800A FPGA芯片的Aquila开发板完成一个实时视频处理的系统。该系统的视频采集使用PAL制式CCD摄像头，视频信号输入的A/D解码芯片为TI公司的tvp5150a芯片。输入的模拟视频信号经过A/D解码转换为符合PAL制式的数字视频数据进入FPGA。FPGA对数字视频数据进行处理后，将处理后的视频数据以RGB565标准的格式输入视频编码芯片Philips公司SAA7105芯片。并由该芯片完成D/A转换后将结果输出至VGA接口，接显示器显示。即完成了一个实时视频采集、处理即显示的硬件系统。其中tvp5150a和SAA7105两块芯片需要利用I2C总线对其功能进行配置。本文描述了该系统对视频数据采用基于Sobel算子的边缘检测处理的方法，通过实现对采集到的视频数据进行基于Sobel算子的边缘检测并实时显示，展现了该系统的实用性。本文中所描述的系统亦可实现多种基于单帧图像的图像处理，具有较强的适应性。且本系统具有较好的实时性。本文探讨了如何定义FPGA中整个系统的架构以及具体的模块划分，并阐述了各个模块实现的方法以及调试的过程。重点讨论了在调试过程中遇到的一些困难及解决方法，希望能够对以后的开发者能有所帮助。 关键词：FPGA，Spartan-3A DSP1800A，PAL， I2C，sobel算子 Real-time video processing system for hardware design based on FPGA ABSTRACT This paper mainly described how to use the Aquila development board based on Xilinx’s Spartan-3A DSP1800A FPGA chip to complete a real-time video processing system. This system uses the PAL standard CCD video camera to complete Video signal collection. The Video signal is the input signal for TI’s tvp5150a chip which is an A/D converter and a video decoder. The decoder converts the analog video signal into digital video data with PAL format and sends the data into FPGA. Processed by FPGA, the digital video data is sent to the Philips’s SAA7105 video encoding chip in the RGB565 format. After the D/A conversion finished by the SAA7105 chip, the result show on a monitor through the VGA interface. That is a complete real-time video collection, processing and display hardware system. The tvp5150a and SAA7105 chip need to be configured by I2C bus. This paper describes how to use this system to detect the edge of the video based on sobel operator and demonstrates the usefulness of this system. The system described in this paper can achieve a varitey of image processings based on one frame, and has strong adaptability. And this system has a good real-time process ability. This article discusses the structure of the whole system in the FPGA, how to define each module’s function, how to finish e