t细胞分化为成熟的具有mhc限制性.pptVIP

Functions of activating and inhibitory receptors of NK cells. A, Activating receptors of NK cells recognize ligands on target cells and activate protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), whose activities are inhibited by inhibitory receptors that recognize class I MHC molecules and activate protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP). NK cells do not efficiently kill class I MHC–expressing healthy cells. B, If a virus infection or other stress inhibits class I MHC expression on infected cells and induces expression of additional activating ligands, the NK cell inhibitory receptor is not engaged and the activating receptor functions unopposed to trigger responses of NK cells, such as killing of target cells and cytokine secretion. In addition, cells stressed by infection or neoplastic transformation may express increased amounts of activating ligands, which bind NK cell–activating receptors and induce more tyrosine phosphorylation than can be removed by inhibitory receptor-associated phosphatases, resulting in killing of the stressed cells (not shown). * A, NK cells recognize ligands on infected cells or cells undergoing other types of stress and kill the host cells. In this way, NK cells eliminate reservoirs of infection as well as dysfunctional cells. B, NK cells respond to IL-12 produced by macrophages and secrete IFN-γ, which activates the macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes. KIR与MHC-I类分子结合具有群特异性，因此在MHC-I类型别不相符的供、受者间进行器官移植，可出现NK细胞活化（群特异性不同）或抑制（群特异性相同）的不同情况。 * Eos细胞膜表面有IgG和IgE两种抗体的Fc受体(即FcγR、FcεR)，故可借这两种受体与结合于寄生虫的特异性IgG和IgE结合，通过ADCC效应杀伤寄生虫；Eos细胞膜表面还有C3b、C3d、C4d受体，可通过CDCC效应杀伤寄生虫。 The function of Tfh?cells: A subset of naive T cells in the T cell zone are activated by antigen and migrate to the follicles where they differentiate into Tfh?cells that interact with and instruct Follicular B (Fo B) cells to undergo rapid cellular division, somatic hypermutation, and isotype switching. It is possible that Tfh?cells might arise as branches in the Th1 and Th2 differentiation pa