外语经贸函电课件unit8.pptVIP

Unit 8 Insurance Introduction There are all kinds of risks in international trade. Insurance is necessary as it transfers them to the insurance company. insured: 被保险人 insurer:保险人 premium: 保险费 Marine Insurance Insurance in international trade mainly refers to marine insurance as the majority of international goods are delivered by ship. Marine Risks Two types of marine risks in connection with cargo: Perils of the sea 海上风险 Extraneous risks 外来风险 Marine Risks Perils of the sea are those caused by natural calamities and accidents. Natural calamities: disasters such as wild weather, thunder and lighting, tsunami, earthquake, floods, etc.恶劣天气，雷电，海啸，地震，洪水等 Accidents: accidents such as ship stranded, ship sinking, ship collision, fire, explosion, ship missing, etc.船舶搁浅，沉没，碰撞，失火，爆炸等 Marine Risks Extraneous risks are risks caused by extraneous reasons, consisting of general extraneous risks and special extraneous risks. General extraneous risks: theft or pilferage, rain, shortage, contamination, leakage, breakage, taint of odor, rusting, hooking, etc.偷窃，雨淋，短量，玷污，渗漏，破碎，串味，锈损，钩损等 Special extraneous risks: war risks, strikes, non-delivery of cargo, refusal to receive cargo, etc.战争，罢工，交货不到，拒收等 Losses Marine losses are the damages or losses of the insured goods incurred by perils of the sea. According to the extent of the damage, losses in marine insurance fall into total loss and partial loss. Losses Total loss Total loss refers to the loss of the entire shipment caused by the occurrence of one of the perils of the sea, fire, or some other reasons. 由于海难，火灾或其他原因引起的全部运输货物的损失，灭失或全部变质，或不可能归还被保险人。 In includes actual total loss and constructive total loss. 分为实际全损和推定全损。 实际全损 Actual Total Loss 有以下四种情况： 货物的实体已经全部灭失或变质； 货物丧失商业价值或原有用途； 被保险人对货物失去所有权并无法挽回； 船舶失踪超过一定期限。 发生实际全损后，被保险人可获得全部损失赔偿 推定全损 Constructive Total Loss 推定全损包括下列情况： 货物遭遇保险事故后，估计完全灭失将是不可避免的 被保险人丧失了对货物的所有权，而收回这一所有权所花费用将超过收回后的价值 货物受损后，其修理或救助费用将超过保险价值或在目的地的完好价值 Partial Loss Partial loss refers to the loss of part of a c