第5章OperatingSystem.pptVIP

Computer English Chapter 5 Operating System Introduction to system software System Software Computer programs that help the computer carry out essential operating tasks. The four subcategories of system software are: operating systems (Windows, Mac OS, DOS, Linux, and UNIX), utilities(实用程序), device drivers(设备驱动程序), and computer programming languages. Introduction to system software Operating System The software that controls the computer’s use of its hardware resources, such as memory and disk storage space. device driver The software that provides the computer with the means to control a peripheral device. 常用英汉互译技巧 二、译成汉语的被动语态 英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。 例1. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space. 这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。 例2. Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。 OS (Operating System) 操作系统 binding n. 捆绑 interface n.界面，接口 facilitate vt. 帮助，促进allocation n.分配, 安置 constraint n.约束, 强制 privilege 特权；给予...特权 partition vt.分区 approach n. 方法, 途径 a priori 预先,事前 perceive v.感知, 感到, 认识到 preemption 抢占，先买权 suboptimal adj.未达最佳标准的 entrust v.委托 Glossary sequential 顺序的,串行的 exclusive use 专用 concurrent 并发的, 并行的 de-allocate vt. 释放 scheduling 调度 scheduler 调度程序 evolution 演化，发展 compilation 编辑 [计]编译 script 脚本,UNIX(命令)过程 interrupt vt. n.中断 interact 互相作用, 互相影响 kernel 核心,内核microkernel n.微核 invoke v.调用 process scheduling 进程调度 inherent 固有( 内在)的（同 intrinsic） Glossary Different operating systems address these issues in different manner, however most operating systems contain components which have similar functionalities. For example, all operating systems contain components for functions of memory management, proce