NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - A-level 有机化合物命名- A级.docVIP

Topic 13.4 NOMENCLATURE AND ISOMERISM IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY New Functional Groups Review of AS Isomerism Optical Isomerism Mill Hill County High School NEW FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Introduction to new groups The IUPAC method for naming organic compounds has been explained in the AS notes. There are a number of new organic molecules in A2 Chemistry: Type of compound Structure of group Example Carboxylate salt Acyl choride acid anhydride amide ester N-substituted amide  Primary amines were covered at AS-level, but there are a number of other types of amine and related molecules of which knowledge is required at A2 level: Secondary amine Tertiary amine Alkyl ammonium salt Nomenclature of new groups a) carboxylate salts Carboxylate salts are named with the cation first and then the suffix –anoate Eg sodium methanoate sodium butanoate  b) acyl chlorides Acid chlorides are named using the suffix: –anoyl chloride Eg ethanoyl chloride propanoyl chloride The group is always at the end of the molecule, so numbering is not necessary. c) acid anhydrides If both alkyl groups are the same, acid anhydrides are named using the suffix –anoic anhydride Eg ethanoic anhydride If the alkyl groups are different, each must be specified: Eg methanoic ethanoic anhydride d) amides Amides are named using the suffix –anamide Eg propanamide methanamide The group is always at the end of the molecule, so numbering is not necessary. e) esters Esters are named using an alkyl prefix to indicate the group attached to the single O and the suffix –anoate to indicate the group attached to both oxygen atoms. Eg methyl methanoate The methyl indicates the number of carbons in the chain attached to the single O (ie 1), and the methanoate indicates the number of carbons in the chain attached to both O atoms (ie 1). propyl ethanoate  f) N-substituted amides N-substituted amides are named using an N-alkyl prefix to indicate t