英文课件Chapter8.pptVIP

Bereichskennzeichnung Chapter 8 Language in Use CONTENTS Performatives and Constatives Theory of the Illocutionary Act Conversational Implicature Cooperative Principle Pragmatics 语用学 the study of how context influen- ces the interpretation of meaning the study of meaning in context the study of meaning in use and linguistic communication You are a fool. two major sides of meaning the more constant and inherent side (under the heading of semantics) the more indeterminate side (under the heading of pragmatics) Speech Act Theory 言语行为理论 Performatives and Constatives Theory of the Illocutionary Act Performatives 行为句 the uttering of a sentence is, or is a part of, the doing of an action e.g. I bequeath my watch to my brother. I apologize. Constatives 表述句 a description of what the speaker is doing at the time of speaking e.g. I pour some liquid into the tube. Theory of the Illocutionary Act 言外行为理论 there are three senses in which saying something may be understood as doing something Locutionary act 言内行为 the utterance of a sentence with de- terminate sense and reference Illocutionary act 言外行为 the making of a statement, offer, promise, etc. in uttering a sentence, by virtue of the conventional force associated with it Perlocutionary act 言后行为 the bringing about of effects on the audiences by meanings of uttering the sentence, such effects being special to the circumstances of utterance * *